Tenses adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja (verb) yang dipengaruhi oleh waktu terjadinya kejadian/peristiwa. Jumlah keseluruhan tenses ada 16, salah satunya yaitu Simple Present Tense. Berikut ini adalah penjelasan Simple Present Tense.
Simple Present Tense.
Fungsi Simple Present Tenseyaitu:
1. Menyatakan kebiasaan umum (habitual action).
Contoh: The sun rises in the east.
2. Menunjukkan kebenaran umum atau suatu fakta (general truths/facts).
Contoh: Mr. Jokowi is our president.
3. Menyatakan hal yang sering dilakukan.
Contoh: Fitriyah often reads a novel in the morning.
4. Menunjukkan kejadian saat ini.
Contoh: My mother usually goes shopping in the market.
Rumus verbal sentence.
(+) S + V1/Vs/es + O
(-) S + Do/Does + Not + V1+ O
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O ?
(-?) Do/Does + Not + S + V1 + O ?
Contoh:
(+) We always study together.
(-) We dont always study together.
(?) Do we always study together?
(-?) Dont we always study together?
Rumus nominal sentence.
(+) S + To be (is/am/are) + 3C (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)
(-) S + To be (is/am/are) + Not + 3C (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)
(?) To be (is/am/are) + S + 3C (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)?
(-?) To be (is/am/are) + S + Not + 3C (Noun/Adjective/Adverb)?
Contoh:
(+) She is so beautiful.
(-) She is not so beautiful.
(?) Is she so beautiful?
(-?) Isnt she so beautiful?
Catatan:
1. Penggunaan to be: (I=> am), (you, they, we,benda jamak => are), (she, he, it,benda tunggal => is).
2. Jika subject berupa I, you, they, we, dan benda jamak maka pada akhiran kata kerja (verb) tidak ada penambahan -s/-es dan menggunakan V1.
3. Jika subject berupa she, he, it,dan benda tunggal maka pada akhiran kata kerja (verb) mendapat tambahan -s/-es atau menggunakan Vs/es.
4. Penambahan -s/-es:
Penambahan -es.
=> Apabila kata kerja (verb) berakhiran ss, sh, ch, o, x, z.
Contoh: cross-crosses, brush-brushes, teach-teaches, go-goes, mix-mixes, buzz-buzzes,dll.
=> Apabila kata kerja (verb) berakhiran huruf konsonan + y, maka huruf y di ganti i kemudian ditambahkan -es.
Contoh:study-studies, dry-dries, cry-cries, fly-flies, try-tries, fry-fries, reply-replies, supply-supplies, satisfy-satisfies,dll.
Penambahan -s.
=> Apabila kata kerja (verb) berakhiran huruf vocal + y, maka ditambahkan -s.
Contoh: say-says, pay-pays, buy-buys, pray-prays, stay-stays, play-plays, delay-delays, destroy-destroys, obey-obeys,dll.
=> Apabila kata kerja (verb) berakhiran selain dari poin-poin di atas, maka ditambahkan -s.
Contoh: eat-eats, drink-drinks, bring-brings, think-thinks, visit-visits, help-helps, make-makes, look-looks, sit-sits, come-comes,dll.
5. Time signal yang digunakan adalah every day, every morning, every night, every week, every month, every year, every Sunday, always, usually, often, sometimes, once, twice,dll.